From Guidance to Global Impact: How ASRM’s Updated Definition of Infertility Helped Shape Policy in Australia
From Guidance to Global Impact: How ASRM’s Updated Definition of Infertility Helped Shape Policy in Australia
Date: January 15, 2026
Author: ASRM
When ASRM released its updated definition of infertility in 2023, the goal was not simply to revise language, but to expand the understanding of infertility so that it would encompass the realities of modern family building and encourage equitable access to fertility care for all individuals seeking treatment.
Historically, infertility has been centered on heterosexual couples experiencing failure to conceive after a set period of unprotected intercourse. While clinically useful, the framework excluded many individuals and partnerships; single parents by choice, same-sex couples, and others who require medical assistance to build families.
ASRM’s Practice Committee intentionally moved beyond this limitation by updating its definition and recognizing infertility not only as a disease of the reproductive system, but as a condition shaped by circumstance and access to reproductive resources.
The resulting impact has been profound. The updated definition became a catalyst for regulatory action internationally and yielded new hope for growing families on the other side of the world.
Dr. Alison Gee, a reproductive specialist based in Sydney, Australia, explained on ASRM’s Podcast ASRM Today, how Australian medical societies leveraged the new definition to address gaps in medical coverage.
“We all agreed that it was a very thoughtful, considered and appropriate definition of infertility,” Gee said.
In Australia, access to assisted reproductive technology (ART) is closely tied to Medicare rebates, which historically rely on the World Health Organization-aligned definition of infertility. While clinically established, this approach effectively excluded many patients who required donor gametes or other forms of assistance to conceive.
Although Australian medical societies had begun examining the issue, progress was stalled until ASRM released its revised definition in 2023.
Recognizing its relevance, the Australian and New Zealand Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Specialists formally adopted ASRM’s definition and worked with two other professional bodies to develop a national consensus statement. That statement was then presented to the Australian government.
“I’m very pleased to say that in March of 2025, we had confirmation from the Australian government that they had accepted that expanded definition of infertility,” Gee said.
This has resulted in Medicare rebates for ART being reflected in a more inclusive understanding of infertility, improving access for same-sex couples, single individuals, and others previously excluded.
For clinicians, patients, and advocates alike, the shift illustrates the possible strides in reproductive medicine worldwide.
ASRM is not a regulatory body, and its guidance is voluntary. Yet, Australia’s response illustrates the influence of clear, values-driven leadership in reproductive medicine.
While the policy shift marks a significant milestone, gaps remain. In Australia, surrogacy-related services are still excluded from Medicare funding, an issue Dr. Gee describes as the next hurdle in achieving full equity.
“That is something that needs to go through a separate pathway for us to get that changed,” she said.
Still, the broader impact is undeniable. What began as a carefully revised definition has become a tangible policy lever that has improved access to care for patients.
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What diagnosis codes should providers submit to insurance carriers while trying to evaluate fertility issues? View the Answer
Infertility Consult
Does ASRM have any examples of evaluation and management documentation for patients being seen for an initial infertility evaluation? View the Answer
Infertility Consult by Nurse
What code is used for a nurse practitioner seeing a fertility patient for the first time? View the Answer
Initial Visit for Infertility With No Mandated Coverage
What code would be appropriate for an initial visit for infertility? View the Answer
IUI or IVF
Should other ovarian dysfunction (diagnosis code E28.8) or unspecified ovarian dysfunction (diagnosis code E28.9) can be used for an IUI or an IVF cycle View the Answer
Monitoring E&M
Our group would like to know if others are billing an evaluation and management code for ultrasound and blood draw visits? View the Answer
New vs Established Patient
How soon can you bill as a new infertility patient? View the Answer
General E&M Consult
Recently we have received a “re-code” on a new patient (we billed a 99203 and the insurance re-coded it to a 99213). View the Answer
Hysteroscopy Recurrent Implantation Failure
What is the appropriate ICD-10 code for recurrent implantation failure? View the Answer
D&C Under Ultrasound Guidance
What are the CPT codes and ICD-10 codes for coding a surgical case for a patient with history of Stage B adenocarcinoma of the cervix ... View the Answer
Diagnostic Testing of an Infertile Couple
The Z31.41 is or is not the correct code to use for diagnostic testing of an infertile couple? And If so can if be used as the primary and only code? View the Answer
Diagnosis of Infertility for IVF Procedure
How important is it to have accurate documentation of the type of infertility diagnosis for IVF procedures? View the Answer
Blood Draws
If a patient comes in only for a blood draw (venipuncture) and is seen only by the lab technician (not an MD, PA, or NP), may we bill for a (minimal) office visit? View the Answer
Blood Tests
Patients are requesting to have lab work drawn from the female patient moved to the males account due to the female fertility coverage being maxed out. View the Answer
Male Infertility
A summary of common codes for Male Infertility compiled by the ASRM Coding Committee. View the Coding Summary
Fertility evaluation of infertile women: a committee opinion (2021)
Diagnostic evaluation for infertility in women should be conducted in a systematic, expeditious, and cost-effective manner. View the Committee Opinion
ASRM müllerian anomalies classification 2021
The Task Force set goals for a new classification and chose to base it on the iconic AFS classification from 1988 because of its simplicity and recognizability. View the Committee Opinion
Moving innovation to practice: an Ethics Committee opinion (2021)
The introduction of new strategies, tests, and procedures into clinical practice raises challenging ethical issues. View the Committee Opinion
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for non–male factor indications: a committee opinion (2020)
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is frequently used in combination with assisted reproductive technologies. View the Committee Document
Use of exogenous gonadotropins for ovulation induction in anovulatory women: a committee opinion (2020)
Pretreatment evaluation, indications, treatment regimens, and complications of gonadotropin treatment. View the Committee Opinion
Reproductive and hormonal considerations in women at increased risk for hereditary gynecologic cancers: Society of Gynecologic Oncology and American Society for Reproductive Medicine Evidence-Based Review (2019)
Providers who care for women at risk for hereditary gynecologic cancers must consider the impact of these conditions. View the Joint Statement
Guidance for Providers Caring for Women and Men Of Reproductive Age with Possible Zika Virus Exposure (Updated 2019)
This ASRM guidance specifically addresses Zika virus infection issues and concerns of individuals undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART). View the Guideline
Fertility treatment when the prognosis is very poor or futile: an Ethics Committee opinion (2019)
The Ethics Committee recommends that in vitro fertilization (IVF) centers develop patient-centered policies regarding requests for futile treatment. View the Committee Opinion
American Society for Reproductive Medicine position statement on uterus transplantation: a committee opinion (2018)
Following the birth of the first child from a transplanted uterus in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2014, other centers worldwide have produced scientific reports. View the Committee Opinion
Child-rearing ability and the provision of fertility services: an Ethics Committee opinion (2017)
Fertility programs may withhold services on the basis that patients will be unable to provide minimally adequate or safe care for offspring. View the Committee Opinion
The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017†‡§ (2017)
A globally‑consensus glossary of 283 infertility and fertility‑care terms developed in 2017 to harmonize communication across clinicians, researchers & patients. View the Committee Joint Guideline
Removal of myomas in asymptomatic patients to improve fertility and/or reduce miscarriage rate: a guideline (2017)
This review evaluates if uterine myomas impact likelihood of pregnancy and pregnancy loss, and if myomectomy influences pregnancy outcomes. View the Guideline
Improving the Reporting of Clinical Trials of Infertility Treatments (IMPRINT): modifying the CONSORT statement (2014)
Clinical trials testing infertility treatments often do not report on the major outcomes of interest to patients and clinicians and the public. View the Guideline
Endometriosis and infertility: a committee opinion (2012)
Women with endometriosis typically present with pelvic pain, infertility, or an adnexal mass, and may require surgery. View the Committee OpinionTopic Resources
From Guidance to Global Impact: How ASRM’s Updated Definition of Infertility Helped Shape Policy in Australia
SRM's updated infertility definition became a catalyst for regulatory action internationally and yielded new hope for growing families on the other side of the world. Read about the impact
2026 Advocacy Activities Report
View the letters, amicus briefs, and sign-ons that ASRM has submitted to protect reproductive care. View the activities
January 2026: Advocacy in Action
A summary of federal and state legislation, and highlighting advocacy and outreach efforts of our members. See what Advocacy Activities ASRM is up to
December 2025: Advocacy in Action
A summary of federal and state legislation, and highlighting advocacy and outreach efforts of our members. See what Advocacy Activities ASRM is up to
Fertility and Sterility Roundtable: Restorative Reproductive Medicine
Explore the debate around restorative reproductive medicine (RRM) — what it is, how it challenges IVF access, and why the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) is sounding alarms. Listen to the Episode
November 2025: Advocacy in Action
A summary of federal and state legislation, and highlighting advocacy and outreach efforts of our members. See what Advocacy Activities ASRM is up to
Fertility and Sterility Publishes Editorial Exploring the Origins of “Restorative Reproductive Medicine” and Why Modern Fertility Care Must Remain Comprehensive
Restorative reproductive medicine overlooks IVF, male-factor care, and the need for full-spectrum fertility treatment using modern technologies. View the Press Release
ASRM Today: Advocacy and Activism
A behind‑the‑scenes look at how ASRM mobilizes the medical community—members, stories, advocacy—to shape reproductive rights and justice. Listen to the Episode
American Society for Reproductive Medicine Reacts to White House Announcement on IVF Coverage
ASRM applauds the White House’s first steps toward IVF access but underscores that true equity demands mandatory insurance coverage. View the Press Release
ASRM Decries Latest Cuts at CDC
ASRM condemns sweeping staff cuts at CDC and HHS, warning they threaten reproductive and public health. View the Press Release
October 2025: Advocacy in Action
A summary of federal and state legislation, and highlighting advocacy and outreach efforts of our members. See what Advocacy Activities ASRM is up to
September 2025: Advocacy in Action
A summary of federal and state legislation, and highlighting advocacy and outreach efforts of our members. See what Advocacy Activities ASRM is up to
Fertility and Sterility On Air - Roundtable: State Advocacy
Experts share strategies for IVF advocacy, combating misinformation, and building connections with policymakers to protect reproductive rights and access. Listen to the Episode
August 2025: Advocacy in Action
A summary of federal and state legislation, and highlighting advocacy and outreach efforts of our members. See what Advocacy Activities ASRM is up to
Receive Texts from ASRM Public Affairs
Get urgent reproductive health alerts via text—no clutter, just action. Stay informed, support IVF, and defend research with one click. Opt in today. Learn more about the text alerts
National Infertility Awareness Week
April 19-25, 2026, is National Infertility Awareness Week (NIAW)!
View the NIAW Toolkit
2025 Advocacy Activities Report
View the letters, amicus briefs, and sign-ons that ASRM has submitted to protect reproductive care. View the activities
Federal Advocacy Day
Join RESOLVE & ASRM on May 20, 2025, for Federal Advocacy Day to support reproductive medicine and ART access. Register now for this virtual advocacy event. Register now for Federal Advocacy Day
Empathy in Action: Strengthening the Patient-Provider Connection
Dr. Tara Harding discusses how healthcare providers can foster empathy, trust, and patient-centered care to improve women's health outcomes. View the ASRMed Talk Video
Action Alert Challenge
Are you an ASRM member looking to sharpen your advocacy skills? The Office of Public Affairs has an exciting opportunity for you!
2024 Advocacy Activities Report
View the letters, amicus briefs, and sign-ons that ASRM has submitted to protect reproductive care. View the activities
ASRM Announces FY25 Patient Advocacy Grant Awardees
Congratulations to the Newest Grant Recipients! View more information about the patient advocacy grant
What support for IVF looks like
Bipartisan support for IVF, that is responsible for the birth of over 2% of all babies born in the USA each year, will ensure that families continue to grow. View the advocacy resource
It takes more than one
Why IVF patients often need multiple embryos to have a baby View the advocacy resource
Oversight of IVF in the US
In the US, medical care is regulated by a complex and comprehensive network of federal and state regulations and professional oversight. View the advocacy resource
2023 Advocacy Activities Report
View the letters, amicus briefs, and sign-ons that ASRM has submitted to protect reproductive care. View the activities